{"id":756,"date":"2019-08-14T13:24:56","date_gmt":"2019-08-14T05:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zhuyanbin.com\/?p=756"},"modified":"2019-08-15T13:43:07","modified_gmt":"2019-08-15T05:43:07","slug":"tcp-ip%e4%b8%8e%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/?p=756","title":{"rendered":"TCP\/IP\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001OSI\u6a21\u578b\u548cTCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>OSI\uff08Open System Interconnect\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e92\u8054\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u53ebOSI\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662fISO\uff08\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57281985\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u6a21\u578b<\/li><li>TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56db\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u81ea\u5e95\u800c\u4e0a\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u82e5\u5e72\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"759\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhuyanbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u534f\u8bae-1024x759.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-761\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u534f\u8bae-1024x759.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u534f\u8bae-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u534f\u8bae-768x569.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u534f\u8bae.png 1176w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>OSI\u6a21\u578b\u548cTCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>OSI\u6a21\u578b<ul><li>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff1a\u662f\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e94\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u534f\u8bae\u6709\uff1aHTTP\uff0cHTTPS\uff0cFTP\uff0cPOP3\u3001SMTP\u7b49<\/li><li>\u8868\u793a\u5c42\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u529f\u80fd,\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u8be5\u5c42\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e5f\u662f\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00<\/li><li>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ec8\u6b62\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/li><li>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e3b\u673a\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u900f\u660e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5904\u7406\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u5c42\u5411\u9ad8\u5c42\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u4e0b\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f7f\u9ad8\u5c42\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u5b9e\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u4e3b\u673a\u5230\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u7531\u7528\u6237\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\uff0cTCP UDP\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42<\/li><li>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7IP\u5bfb\u5740\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e3a\u6e90\u7aef\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u5c42\u9001\u6765\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8def\u7531\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u5730\u6309\u7167\u5730\u5740\u4f20\u9001\u7ed9\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u5c42\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684IP\u5c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684IP\u534f\u8bae\u5c42<\/li><li>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff1a\u5c06\u6bd4\u7279\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u5b57\u8282,\u518d\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u5e27,\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5730\u5740 (\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4f7f\u7528MAC\u5730\u5740)\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ecb\u8d28,\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5dee\u9519\u68c0\u6d4b<\/li><li>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6700\u7ec8\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u4ecb\u8d28\u4f20\u8f93\u6bd4\u7279\u6d41\u3002\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u7535\u5e73\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7535\u7f06\u9488\u811a\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\u6709\uff08\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u3001\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u3001\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668\u3001\u7f51\u7ebf\u3001\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf\u3001\u540c\u8f74\u7535\u7f06\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b<ul><li>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406SNMP\u534f\u8bae,\u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93SMTP,\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790DNS,\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7dFTP\u534f\u8bae,\u8fdc\u7a0b\u534f\u52a9Telnet\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93HTTP\u7b49\u7b49<\/li><li>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u4e24\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002TCP\u534f\u8bae\u548cUDP\u534f\u8bae<\/li><li>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u5206\u7ec4\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u9009\u8def\u3002IP\u534f\u8bae\u7b49<\/li><li>\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5361<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001HTTP\u4e0eTCP\/IP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>HTTP\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u7531TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u627f\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u624d\u80fd\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1aClient\u5c06\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dSYN\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503cseq=J\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9Server\uff0cClient\u8fdb\u5165SYN_SENT\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85Server\u786e\u8ba4<\/li><li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1aServer\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e\u7531\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dSYN=1\u77e5\u9053Client\u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0cServer\u5c06\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dSYN\u548cACK\u90fd\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0cack=J+1\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503cseq=K\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9Client\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cServer\u8fdb\u5165SYN_RCVD\u72b6\u6001<\/li><li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1aClient\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5ack\u662f\u5426\u4e3aJ+1\uff0cACK\u662f\u5426\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u786e\u5219\u5c06\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dACK\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0cack=K+1\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9Server\uff0cServer\u68c0\u67e5ack\u662f\u5426\u4e3aK+1\uff0cACK\u662f\u5426\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u786e\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f\uff0cClient\u548cServer\u8fdb\u5165ESTABLISHED\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u968f\u540eClient\u4e0eServer\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u4e86<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhuyanbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5-1024x585.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-757\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5.png 1874w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>TCP\/IP\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1aClient\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aFIN\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5173\u95edClient\u5230Server\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\uff0cClient\u8fdb\u5165FIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001<\/li><li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1aServer\u6536\u5230FIN\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u7ed9Client\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e3a\u6536\u5230\u5e8f\u53f7+1\uff08\u4e0eSYN\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aFIN\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u53f7\uff09\uff0cServer\u8fdb\u5165CLOSE_WAIT\u72b6\u6001<\/li><li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1aServer\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aFIN\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5173\u95edServer\u5230Client\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\uff0cServer\u8fdb\u5165LAST_ACK\u72b6\u6001<\/li><li>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1aClient\u6536\u5230FIN\u540e\uff0cClient\u8fdb\u5165TIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u7ed9Server\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e3a\u6536\u5230\u5e8f\u53f7+1\uff0cServer\u8fdb\u5165CLOSED\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"686\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhuyanbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5-1-1024x686.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5-1-1024x686.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5-1-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5-1-768x514.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tcp\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5-1.png 1840w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>TCP\/IP\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u57df\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u9650\u5236<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5404\u7248\u672c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u57df\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8be6\u60c5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"wp-block-table\"><tbody><tr><td>\n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\n<\/td><td>\nHTTP\/1.1\n<\/td><td>\nHTTP\/1.0\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\nIE 11\n<\/td><td>\n6\n<\/td><td>\n6\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\nIE 10\n<\/td><td>\n6\n<\/td><td>\n6\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\nIE 9\n<\/td><td>\n10\n<\/td><td>\n10\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\nIE 8\n<\/td><td>\n6\n<\/td><td>\n6\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\nIE 6, 7\n<\/td><td>\n2\n<\/td><td>\n4\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\nFirefox\n<\/td><td>\n6\n<\/td><td>\n6\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\nSafari 3,4\n<\/td><td>\n4\n<\/td><td>\n4\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\nChrome 4+\n<\/td><td>\n6\n<\/td><td>\n6\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TCP\/IP\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406 <span class=\"ellipsis\">&hellip;<\/span> <span class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/?p=756\" class=\"more-link\"><span>Read More &rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[67],"class_list":["post-756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-http","tag-http"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=756"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":766,"href":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756\/revisions\/766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}