{"id":433,"date":"2018-08-17T00:13:21","date_gmt":"2018-08-16T16:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zhuyanbin.com\/?p=433"},"modified":"2018-08-29T11:27:22","modified_gmt":"2018-08-29T03:27:22","slug":"shapes-and-line-types","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yanbin888.com\/?p=433","title":{"rendered":"Shapes and line types"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Problem<\/h2>\n

You want to use different shapes and line types in your graph.<\/p>\n

Solution<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Note that with bitmap output, the filled symbols 15-18 may render without proper anti-aliasing; they can appear jagged, pixelated, and not properly centered, though this varies among platforms. Symbols 19 and 21-25 have an outline around the filled area, and will render with smoothed edges on most platforms. For symbols 21-25 to appear solid, you will also need to specify a fill (bg) color that is the same as the outline color (col); otherwise they will be hollow.<\/p>\n

Standard graphics<\/h3>\n

Use the pch<\/code> option to set the shape, and use lty<\/code> and lwd<\/code> to set the line type and width. The line type can be specified by name or by number.<\/p>\n

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set<\/span>.seed<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>331<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n# Plot some<\/span> points with<\/span> lines<\/span>\r\n# Set<\/span> up the plotting area\r\n<\/span><\/span>par<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>mar<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span>))<\/span><\/span>\r\nplot<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>NA<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> xlim<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span>),<\/span><\/span> ylim<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span>))<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n# Plot solid circles with<\/span> solid lines<\/span>\r\n<\/span><\/span>points<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> runif<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span>),<\/span><\/span> type<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>\"b\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> pch<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>19<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\r\n# Add<\/span> open<\/span> squares with<\/span> dashed line, with<\/span> heavier line width\r\n<\/span><\/span>points<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> runif<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span>),<\/span><\/span> type<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>\"b\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> pch<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>  lty<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> lwd<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\npoints<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> runif<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span>),<\/span><\/span> type<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>\"b\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> pch<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>23<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>   # Diamond shape\r\n<\/span><\/span>       lty<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>\"dotted\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> cex<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>               # Dotted line, double<\/span>-size<\/span> shapes\r\n<\/span><\/span>       col<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>\"#000099\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> bg<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>\"#FF6666\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>       # blue line, red fill\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
ggplot2<\/h3>\n
With ggplot2, shapes and line types can be assigned overall (e.g., if you want all points to be squares, or all lines to be dashed), or they can be conditioned on a variable.<\/p>\n
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# Sample data<\/span>\r\n<\/span>df<\/span> <-<\/span> read<\/span>.table<\/span>(<\/span>header<\/span>=<\/span>T<\/span>,<\/span> text<\/span>=<\/span>'\r\n  cond xval yval\r\n     A    1  2.0\r\n     A    2  2.5\r\n     B    1  3.0\r\n     B    2  2.0\r\n'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nlibrary<\/span>(<\/span>ggplot2<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Plot with standard lines and points<\/span>\r\n# group = cond tells it which points to connect with lines<\/span>\r\n<\/span>ggplot<\/span>(<\/span>df<\/span>,<\/span> aes<\/span>(<\/span>x<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>xval<\/span>,<\/span> y<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>yval<\/span>,<\/span> group<\/span> =<\/span> cond<\/span>))<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n    geom_line<\/span>()<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n    geom_point<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Set overall shapes and line type<\/span>\r\n<\/span>ggplot<\/span>(<\/span>df<\/span>,<\/span> aes<\/span>(<\/span>x<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>xval<\/span>,<\/span> y<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>yval<\/span>,<\/span> group<\/span> =<\/span> cond<\/span>))<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n    geom_line<\/span>(<\/span>linetype<\/span>=<\/span>\"dashed\"<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>  # Dashed line<\/span>\r\n<\/span>              size<\/span> =<\/span> 1.5<\/span><\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span>       # Thicker line<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    geom_point<\/span>(<\/span>shape<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>         # Hollow squares<\/span>\r\n<\/span>               size<\/span> =<\/span> 4<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>          # Large points<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n# Condition shapes and line type on variable cond<\/span>\r\n<\/span>ggplot<\/span>(<\/span>df<\/span>,<\/span> aes<\/span>(<\/span>x<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>xval<\/span>,<\/span> y<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>yval<\/span>,<\/span> group<\/span> =<\/span> cond<\/span>))<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n    geom_line<\/span>(<\/span>aes<\/span>(<\/span>linetype<\/span>=<\/span>cond<\/span>),<\/span> # Line type depends on cond<\/span>\r\n<\/span>              size<\/span> =<\/span> 1.5<\/span><\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span>       # Thicker line<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    geom_point<\/span>(<\/span>aes<\/span>(<\/span>shape<\/span>=<\/span>cond<\/span>),<\/span>   # Shape depends on cond<\/span>\r\n<\/span>               size<\/span> =<\/span> 4<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>          # Large points<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Same as previous, but also change the specific linetypes and<\/span>\r\n# shapes that are used<\/span>\r\n<\/span>ggplot<\/span>(<\/span>df<\/span>,<\/span> aes<\/span>(<\/span>x<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>xval<\/span>,<\/span> y<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>yval<\/span>,<\/span> group<\/span> =<\/span> cond<\/span>))<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n    geom_line<\/span>(<\/span>aes<\/span>(<\/span>linetype<\/span>=<\/span>cond<\/span>),<\/span> # Line type depends on cond<\/span>\r\n<\/span>              size<\/span> =<\/span> 1.5<\/span><\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span>       # Thicker line<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    geom_point<\/span>(<\/span>aes<\/span>(<\/span>shape<\/span>=<\/span>cond<\/span>),<\/span>   # Shape depends on cond<\/span>\r\n<\/span>               size<\/span> =<\/span> 4<\/span><\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span>        # Large points<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    scale_shape_manual<\/span>(<\/span>values<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>c<\/span>(<\/span>6<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>5<\/span><\/span>))<\/span> +<\/span>                  # Change shapes<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    scale_linetype_manual<\/span>(<\/span>values<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>c<\/span>(<\/span>\"dotdash\"<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> \"dotted\"<\/span><\/span>))<\/span> # Change linetypes<\/span>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
By default, ggplot2 uses solid shapes. If you want to use hollow shapes, without manually declaring each shape, you can use scale_shape(solid=FALSE)<\/code>. Note, however, that the lines will visible inside the shape. To avoid this, you can use shapes 21-25 and specify a white fill.<\/p>\n
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# Hollow shapes<\/span>\r\n<\/span>ggplot<\/span>(<\/span>df<\/span>,<\/span> aes<\/span>(<\/span>x<\/span>=<\/span>xval<\/span>,<\/span> y<\/span>=<\/span>yval<\/span>,<\/span> group<\/span><\/span> =<\/span> cond<\/span>))<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n    geom_line<\/span>(<\/span>aes<\/span>(<\/span>linetype<\/span>=<\/span>cond<\/span>),<\/span> # Line type depends on cond<\/span>\r\n<\/span>              size<\/span> =<\/span> 1.5<\/span><\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span>       # Thicker line<\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span>    geom_point<\/span>(<\/span>aes<\/span>(<\/span>shape<\/span>=<\/span>cond<\/span>),<\/span>   # Shape depends on cond<\/span>\r\n<\/span>               size<\/span> =<\/span> 4<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>  +<\/span>       # Large points<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    scale_shape<\/span>(<\/span>solid<\/span>=<\/span>FALSE<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Shapes with white fill<\/span>\r\n<\/span>ggplot<\/span>(<\/span>df<\/span>,<\/span> aes<\/span>(<\/span>x<\/span>=<\/span>xval<\/span>,<\/span> y<\/span>=<\/span>yval<\/span>,<\/span> group<\/span><\/span> =<\/span> cond<\/span>))<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n    geom_line<\/span>(<\/span>aes<\/span>(<\/span>linetype<\/span>=<\/span>cond<\/span>),<\/span> # Line type depends on cond<\/span>\r\n<\/span>              size<\/span> =<\/span> 1.5<\/span><\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span>       # Thicker line<\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span>    geom_point<\/span>(<\/span>aes<\/span>(<\/span>shape<\/span>=<\/span>cond<\/span>),<\/span>   # Shape depends on cond<\/span>\r\n<\/span>               fill<\/span> =<\/span> \"white\"<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>    # White fill<\/span>\r\n<\/span>               size<\/span> =<\/span> 4<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>  +<\/span>       # Large points<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    scale_shape_manual<\/span>(<\/span>values<\/span>=<\/span>c<\/span>(<\/span>21<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>24<\/span><\/span>))<\/span>  # Shapes: Filled circle, triangle<\/span>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
 <\/p>\n
Note<\/h3>\n
This code will generate the chart of line types seen at the top.<\/p>\n
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par<\/span>(<\/span>mar<\/span>=<\/span>c<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>0<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Set<\/span> up the plotting area\r\n<\/span><\/span>plot<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>NA<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> xlim<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span>),<\/span><\/span> ylim<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>6.5<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> -0.5<\/span><\/span><\/span>),<\/span><\/span>\r\n    xaxt<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>\"n\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> yaxt<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>\"n\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\r\n    xlab<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>NA<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> ylab<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>NA<\/span><\/span> )<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n# Draw the lines<\/span>\r\n<\/span><\/span>for<\/span><\/span><\/span> (<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span><\/span> 0<\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span>6<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span> {<\/span><\/span>\r\n    points<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0.25<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span>),<\/span><\/span> c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>),<\/span><\/span> lty<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> lwd<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> type<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>\"l\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\r\n}<\/span><\/span>\r\n# Add<\/span> labels\r\n<\/span><\/span>text<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> 0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> \"0. 'blank'\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>   ,<\/span><\/span>  adj<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>.5<\/span><\/span><\/span>))<\/span><\/span>\r\ntext<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> 1<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> \"1. 'solid'\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>   ,<\/span><\/span>  adj<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>.5<\/span><\/span><\/span>))<\/span><\/span>\r\ntext<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> 2<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> \"2. 'dashed'\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>  ,<\/span><\/span>  adj<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>.5<\/span><\/span><\/span>))<\/span><\/span>\r\ntext<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> 3<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> \"3. 'dotted'\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>  ,<\/span><\/span>  adj<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>.5<\/span><\/span><\/span>))<\/span><\/span>\r\ntext<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> 4<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> \"4. 'dotdash'\"<\/span><\/span><\/span> ,<\/span><\/span>  adj<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>.5<\/span><\/span><\/span>))<\/span><\/span>\r\ntext<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> 5<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> \"5. 'longdash'\"<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>  adj<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>.5<\/span><\/span><\/span>))<\/span><\/span>\r\ntext<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> 6<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> \"6. 'twodash'\"<\/span><\/span><\/span> ,<\/span><\/span>  adj<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>.5<\/span><\/span><\/span>))<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n